Parenting and Child Characteristics in the Prediction of Shame in Early and Middle Childhood

We examined individual differences in shame responding in early childhood and predictive relations with shame proneness in middle childhood. Child shame responding, parental shaming, and child temperamental inhibition were assessed at Time 1 (n = 225, aged 3–4 years), shame responding was reassessed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 2010-10, Vol.56 (4), p.500-528
Main Authors: Mills, Rosemary S. L., Arbeau, Kimberley A., Lall, Debra I. K., De Jaeger, Amy E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age Differences
Anxiety
Child Development
Child Rearing
Childhood
Children
Children & youth
Cultural Influences
Developmental Psychology
Elementary School Students
Emotional Development
Emotional expression
Failure
Families & family life
Fathers
Feedback (Response)
Females
Gender Differences
Guilt
Individual Differences
Inhibition
Interpersonal Relationship
Longitudinal Studies
Males
Mothers
Parent Child Relationship
Parenting
Parenting Styles
Parents
Parents & parenting
Physical Health
Preschool Children
Psychological aspects
Punishment
Sex Stereotypes
Shame
Social interaction
Socialization
Spouses
Student Reaction
Temperament
Time
Young Children
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Summary:We examined individual differences in shame responding in early childhood and predictive relations with shame proneness in middle childhood. Child shame responding, parental shaming, and child temperamental inhibition were assessed at Time 1 (n = 225, aged 3–4 years), shame responding was reassessed at Time 2 (n = 199, aged 5–7 years), and shame proneness was assessed at Time 3 (n = 162, aged 7–9 years). Shame responding was assessed from emotion-expressive reactions to failure, parental shaming from self-reports and spouse reports, temperamental inhibition from mother and father ratings, and shame proneness from hypothetical scenarios. Girls showed more shame than boys by school age. Increased shame responding between preschool age and school age was predicted, for girls, from lower inhibition or higher mother shaming and, for boys, from higher mother shaming if boys were highly inhibited. Shame responding at preschool age predicted higher or lower shame proneness in middle childhood conditional on gender and parenting.
ISSN:0272-930X
1535-0266
1535-0266
DOI:10.1353/mpq.2010.0001