Patterns of selection and polymorphism of innate immunity genes in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

• Published in: Genetica 2012-06, Vol.140 (4-6), p.205-217
• Main Authors: Ellis, J. S, Turner, L. M, Knight, M. E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-Macroglobulins - genetics; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Animals; Apidae; Bees - genetics; Bees - immunology; Biodiversity; Biodiversity loss; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bombus; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Conservation genetics; England; Evolution, Molecular; Evolutionary Biology; Gene polymorphism; genes; Genetic diversity; genetic variation; Genetics; Human Genetics; Hymenoptera; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Life Sciences; loci; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Molecular Sequence Data; Pathogens; peptidoglycan recognition proteins; Plant Genetics and Genomics; Polymorphism, Genetic; Population genetics; Positive selection; Receptors, Scavenger - genetics; scavenger receptors; Selection, Genetic; stochastic processes; Stochasticity
• ISSN: 0016-6707; 1573-6857
• DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9672-7

In response to on-going biodiversity loss, conservation genetics has established itself as an important branch of biology. Historically concentrating on assessing stochastic processes using neutral loci, there has been a recent surge of interest in understanding and quantifying variation at loci underlying ecologically important traits. To this end, patterns of selection and polymorphism at these loci must be characterized. Loci underlying immunity make good candidates in this context: they are expected to be important for population persistence and may exhibit diversifying or divergent selection. Predictions regarding the pattern of selection expected at immune system loci have been based on their interactions with pathogens, however, published studies report mixed results as to whether these are borne out or not. Here, polymorphism and selection is examined for three innate immune system loci in bumblebees: a peptidoglycan recognition protein, a putative alpha-macroglobulin, and scavenger receptor. Both intra- and inter-specific sequence variation is quantified. Very little polymorphism was encountered, precluding robust tests of selection. However, the lack of inter-specific polymorphisms suggests a lack of positive selection for the regions sequenced. Results are discussed with respect to population genetic predictions and generation of a specific immune response in insects. Alternative loci and methods for studying adaptive genetic variation in a conservation context are considered.