H(2)S signaling in redox regulation of cellular functions

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is traditionally recognized as a toxic gas with a rotten-egg smell. In just the last few decades, H(2)S has been found to be one of a family of gasotransmitters, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and various physiologic effects of H(2)S have been reported. Amon...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2013-01, Vol.91 (1), p.8-14
Main Authors: Ju, Youngjun, Zhang, Weihua, Pei, Yanxi, Yang, Guangdong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants - metabolism
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Cells, Cultured
Glutathione - biosynthesis
Glutathione - metabolism
Humans
Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism
Hydrogen Sulfide - pharmacology
Oxidants - metabolism
Oxidants - pharmacology
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
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Summary:Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is traditionally recognized as a toxic gas with a rotten-egg smell. In just the last few decades, H(2)S has been found to be one of a family of gasotransmitters, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and various physiologic effects of H(2)S have been reported. Among the most acknowledged molecular mechanisms for the cellular effects of H(2)S is the regulation of intracellular redox homeostasis and post-translational modification of proteins through S-sulfhydration. On the one side, H(2)S can promote an antioxidant effect and is cytoprotective; on the other side, H(2)S stimulates oxidative stress and is cytotoxic. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of H(2)S in mammalian cells and describes the Janus-faced properties of this novel gasotransmitter. The redox regulation for the cellular effects of H(2)S through S-sulfhydration and the role of H(2)S in glutathione generation is also recapitulated. A better understanding of H(2)S-regualted redox homeostasis will pave the way for future design of novel pharmacological and therapeutic interventions for various diseases.
ISSN:1205-7541
DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2012-0293