The Mediterranean diet improves the systemic lipid and DNA oxidative damage in metabolic syndrome individuals. A randomized, controlled, trial

• Published in: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2013-04, Vol.32 (2), p.172-178
• Main Authors: Mitjavila, Maria Teresa, Fandos, Marta, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Covas, María-Isabel, Borrego, Silvia, Estruch, Ramón, Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa, Corella, Dolores, Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel Ángel, Sánchez, Julia M, Bulló, Mónica, Fitó, Montserrat, Tormos, Carmen, Cerdá, Concha, Casillas, Rosario, Moreno, Juan José, Iradi, Antonio, Zaragoza, Cristóbal, Chaves, Javier, Sáez, Guillermo T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; clinical trials; Deoxyguanosine - analogs & derivatives; Deoxyguanosine - urine; diabetes; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Diet, Mediterranean; DNA; DNA damage; DNA Damage - drug effects; extra-virgin olive oil; F2-isoprostanes; F2-Isoprostanes - urine; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Humans; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; lipids; low fat diet; Medical sciences; Mediterranean diet; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; nutrition education; nuts; Nuts - chemistry; Olive Oil; Other metabolic disorders; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; PREDIMED; risk; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; urine; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0261-5614; 1532-1983
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.002

Summary Background & aims Metabolic syndrome (MetS), in which a non-classic feature is an increase in systemic oxidative biomarkers, presents a high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with a reduced risk of MetS. However, the effect of the MedDiet on biomarkers for oxidative damage has not been assessed in MetS individuals. We have investigated the effect of the MedDiet on systemic oxidative biomarkers in MetS individuals. Methods Randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial in which 110 female with MetS, aged 55–80, were recruited into a large trial (PREDIMED Study) to test the efficacy of the traditional MedDiet on the primary prevention of CVD. Participants were assigned to a low-fat diet or two traditional MedDiets (MedDiet + virgin olive oil or MedDiet + nuts). Both MedDiet group participants received nutritional education and either free extra virgin olive oil for all the family (1 L/week), or free nuts (30 g/day). Diets were ad libitum . Changes in urine levels of F2-Isoprostane (F2-IP) and the DNA damage base 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) were evaluated at 1-year trial. Results After 1-year urinary F2-IP decreased in all groups, the decrease in MedDiet groups reaching a borderline significance versus that of the Control group. Urinary 8-oxo-dG was also reduced in all groups, with a higher decrease in both MedDiet groups versus the Control one ( P