Plasma and hepatic cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace, tomato seed oil and defatted tomato seed in hamsters fed with high-fat diets

• Published in: Food chemistry 2013-08, Vol.139 (1-4), p.589-596
• Main Authors: Shao, Dongyan, Bartley, Glenn E., Yokoyama, Wallace, Pan, Zhongli, Zhang, Huijuan, Zhang, Ang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bile acid; bile acids; Biological and medical sciences; cellulose; cholesteremic effect; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Cholesterol - metabolism; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase - genetics; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism; corn oil; Cricetinae; CYP51; CYP7A1; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; dietary fiber; Fat industries; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gene expression; golden hamsters; Hamster; high fat diet; Humans; Liver - metabolism; low density lipoprotein; Lycopersicon esculentum - chemistry; Lycopersicon esculentum - metabolism; Male; Mesocricetus; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - metabolism; phenolic compounds; Plant Oils - metabolism; seeds; Seeds - chemistry; Seeds - metabolism; tomato pomace; Tomato pomace byproducts; tomatoes; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.043

► Cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace, seed oil and defatted seed were studied. ► Defatted seed lower total and LDL plasma cholesterol. ► The pomace, oil and defatted seed reduced hepatic cholesterol. ► Fecal lipid, bile acid, and cholesterol were increased by defatted seed feeding. ► Expressions of lipid metabolism genes support mechanism of bile acid pool depletion. The cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace (TP), tomato seed oil (TSO) and defatted tomato seed (DTS) were determined in male Golden Syrian hamsters. Hamsters fed high-fat diets containing 10% TSO or 18% DTS were compared to a diet containing 10% corn oil and 10% microcrystalline cellulose (control 1), 42% TP were compared to 25% microcrystalline cellulose (control 2). TP, TSO and DTS reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) content. DTS also lowered plasma TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Fecal excretion of lipid, bile acid and cholesterol increased in the DTS group compared to control 1. DTS-fed hamsters had higher levels of hepatic CYP7A1, CYP51, ABCB11, and ABCG5 gene expression than control, suggesting both hepatic bile acid and cholesterol synthesis increased due to increased fecal excretion of bile acid and cholesterol. The results suggest that protein, dietary fibre or phenolic compounds in DTS may be responsible for plasma cholesterol decrease.