A Methodology for the Breakdown of NRW into Real and Administrative Losses

• Published in: Water resources management 2013-05, Vol.27 (7), p.1913-1930
• Main Author: Al-Omari, Abbas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceptability; Atmospheric Sciences; Breakdown; Civil Engineering; Collection; Consumption; Demand; Developing countries; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Environment; Exact sciences and technology; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Hydrogeology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; Hydrology/Water Resources; Industrialized nations; Input output analysis; LDCs; Methodology; Methods; Resource management; Revenues; Studies; Suppliers; Waste water; Wastewater collection; Wastewater treatment plants; Water balance; Water mains; Water resources; Water resources management; Water supply; Water treatment; Water treatment plants; Water utilities
• ISSN: 0920-4741; 1573-1650
• DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0262-y

The estimation of Non Revenue Water (NRW) is simple and easy for water suppliers who keep records of the system input volume and the billed authorized consumption. However, the breakdown of NRW into its two main components real and administrative which refers to the unbilled authorized consumption plus apparent losses is not an easy or straight forward task. Methods reported in the literature for the breakdown of NRW into its components are top down approach and bottom up approach. Both approaches suffer from certain limitations and shortcomings that limits their use and reduce our confidence in the results obtained by them. This paper presents a methodology that can be used to draw a line between the real and the administrative losses with an acceptable level of accuracy. This methodology is based on the fact that the administrative losses are delivered to the demand site and consequently reach the wastewater collection system whereas the real losses are lost from the system and consequently do not reach the wastewater collection system. The methodology applies water balance from the water treatment plant outlet till the inlet of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The mass balance approach of the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system was implemented for this purpose. In this methodology, the breakdown of NRW into its two main components is adjusted iteratively so that the difference between WEAP calculated and measured inflow to the WWTP is minimal. The presented methodology was applied to Amman and Zarqa cities in Jordan which return their wastewater to As Samra WWTP. The results showed that this methodology is capable of dividing NRW water into its two main components with an acceptable level of accuracy.