Understanding Police and Expert Performance: When Training Attenuates (vs. Exacerbates) Stereotypic Bias in the Decision to Shoot

In three studies, we examined how training may attenuate (or exacerbate) racial bias in the decision to shoot. In Experiment 1, when novices read a newspaper article about Black criminals, they showed pronounced racial bias in a first-person-shooter task (FPST); when they read about White criminals,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Personality & social psychology bulletin 2013-03, Vol.39 (3), p.291-304
Main Authors: Sim, Jessica J., Correll, Joshua, Sadler, Melody S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Bias
Black or African American
Black People
Criminals
Decision Making
Experimental psychology
Female
Firearms
Heuristics
Humans
Male
Novices
Offenders
Police
Police - education
Racial bias
Racial discrimination
Racism - psychology
Special units
Stereotypes
Stereotyping
United States
Violence - psychology
White People
Young Adult
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Summary:In three studies, we examined how training may attenuate (or exacerbate) racial bias in the decision to shoot. In Experiment 1, when novices read a newspaper article about Black criminals, they showed pronounced racial bias in a first-person-shooter task (FPST); when they read about White criminals, bias was eliminated. Experts (who practiced the FPST) and police officers were unaffected by the same stereotype-accessibility manipulation. However, when training itself (base rates of armed vs. unarmed targets in the FPST, Experiment 2a; or special unit officers who routinely deal with minority gang members, Experiment 2b) reinforced the association between Blacks and danger, training did not attenuate bias. When race is unrelated to the presence/absence of a weapon, training may eliminate bias as participants learn to focus on diagnostic object information (gun vs. no gun). But when training actually promotes the utility of racial cues, it may sustain the heuristic use of stereotypes.
ISSN:0146-1672
1552-7433
1552-7433
DOI:10.1177/0146167212473157