Risk of Death in Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) has been considered a “benign” form of HC, with limited data on long-term outcome. We compared apical HC patients with a non-HC, age- and gender-matched Minnesota white population to identify outcomes and prognostic factors. Between 1976 and 2006, 193 patients...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of cardiology 2013-06, Vol.111 (12), p.1784-1791
Main Authors: Klarich, Kyle W., MD, Attenhofer Jost, Christine H., MD, Binder, Josepha, Connolly, Heidi M., MD, Scott, Christopher G, Freeman, William K., MD, Ackerman, Michael J., MD, Nishimura, Rick A., MD, Tajik, A. Jamil, MD, Ommen, Steve R., MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Atrial Fibrillation - etiology
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - complications
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - diagnostic imaging
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - genetics
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - mortality
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic - therapy
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial - mortality
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular disease
Case-Control Studies
Confidence intervals
Family medical history
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gender
Heart attacks
Heart Failure - etiology
Humans
Hypertension
Male
Middle Aged
Mortality
Prognosis
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Sex Distribution
Stroke
Survival Analysis
Time Factors
Ultrasonography
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Description
Summary:Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) has been considered a “benign” form of HC, with limited data on long-term outcome. We compared apical HC patients with a non-HC, age- and gender-matched Minnesota white population to identify outcomes and prognostic factors. Between 1976 and 2006, 193 patients (62% men) with apical HC were seen at our clinic. Their most recent echocardiographic examinations were reviewed. Mean ± SD age at first presentation was 58 ± 17 years. A family history of HC or sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reported by 43 patients (22%); coronary artery disease was known in 22 (11%). An apical pouch was present in 29 patients, including an apical aneurysm in 6 and apical dilatation with hypokinesis in 23. Median follow-up (187 patients [97%]) was 78 months (range, 1–350). Death from all causes occurred in 55 patients (29%; 33 women) at a mean age of 72 years (range, 20–92). During follow-up, more women had heart failure (p = 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.009), or died (p
ISSN:0002-9149
1879-1913
DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.02.040