Cytotoxic effect of vanadium and oil-fired fly ash on hamster tracheal epithelium

Hamster tracheal organ cultures were used to study the in vitro effects of vanadium and oil-fired fly ash on mucociliary respiratory epithelium. Two vanadium compounds, VOSO 4 and V 2O 5, and fly ash from an oil-fueled power plant were dissolved or suspended in culture medium over a range of concent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental research 1984-08, Vol.34 (2), p.390-402
Main Authors: Schiff, Leonard J., Graham, Judith A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Cilia - drug effects
Cricetinae
Epithelium - drug effects
Epithelium - pathology
In Vitro Techniques
Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)
Male
Medical sciences
Mesocricetus
Petroleum - toxicity
Toxicology
Trachea - drug effects
Trachea - pathology
Vanadium - toxicity
Vanadium Compounds
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Summary:Hamster tracheal organ cultures were used to study the in vitro effects of vanadium and oil-fired fly ash on mucociliary respiratory epithelium. Two vanadium compounds, VOSO 4 and V 2O 5, and fly ash from an oil-fueled power plant were dissolved or suspended in culture medium over a range of concentrations and epithelia were exposed for 1 hr/day, for 9 consecutive days. At intervals during this period, alterations in cilia-beating frequency, cytology, and histology were documented by light microscopy. Explants treated with VOSO 4 either decreased ciliary activity or produced ciliostasis depending upon the concentration and length of exposure. Early morphological alterations consisted of vacuolization of both nuclei and cytoplasm. After multiple exposures, cytology of VOSO 4-treated respiratory mucosa was markedly affected. Similar changes were observed in cultures exposed to V 2O 5; however, the cytotoxicity appeared earlier and was more pronounced. Fly ash-treated explants produced similar biological effects when compared to both vanadium compounds. Thus, the data indicate that the extent of vanadium toxicity depends, at least in part, on the vanadium content of the compound tested, and that exposure to this metal and vanadium-rich fly ash can inhibit normal mucociliary function, a vital clearance mechanism in the respiratory tract.
ISSN:0013-9351
1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90105-1