Pilot-testing of electrolysis for bromide removal from drinking water

A 10-L/min pilot plant using California State Water Project water was designed and operated to remove bromide by electrolytic volatilization. The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of this process in reducing the formation of brominated disinfection by-products such as bro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 2013-06, Vol.105 (6), p.E299-E309
Main Authors: Kimbrough, David Eugene, Boulos, Lina, Surawanvijit, ikarn, Zacheis, Adam, Cohen, Yoram
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodes
Bromate
bromide
Bromides
Bromine
By products
California
Chlorides
Chlorine
Clarification
Coal
Cost estimates
Costs
Disinfection Byproducts
disinfection by‐products
Drinking water
Electrodes
Electrolysis
Filtration
haloacetic acids
oxidation
Ozonation
Ozone
Pilot Plants
Potable water
total organic carbon
Trihalomethanes
Vaporizing
Water supply
Water utilities
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Summary:A 10-L/min pilot plant using California State Water Project water was designed and operated to remove bromide by electrolytic volatilization. The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of this process in reducing the formation of brominated disinfection by-products such as bromate, trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids. Water was passed between electrodes to oxidize bromide to bromine, which was volatilized and partially removed. The water was then ozonated, clarified in an upflow sand clarifier, and filtered through a monomedium deep-bed anthracite coal filter. The process resulted in significantly lower bromate concentrations. THM concentrations were lower in some situations but to a lesser extent, relative to bromate. Chloride removal was also achieved. Extrapolations from pilot-test results put estimated costs for a demonstration-scale electrolytic reactor at $1,529-2,099/mil gal ($405-555/ML) of water treated.
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0060