Pre to post-dialysis plasma sodium change better predicts clinical outcomes than dialysate to plasma sodium gradient in quotidian hemodialysis

• Published in: Hemodialysis international 2013-10, Vol.17 (4), p.548-556
• Main Authors: Thomson, Benjamin K.A., Huang, Shih-Han S., Leitch, Rosemary E., Dixon, Stephanie, Heidenheim, Paul, Suri, Rita S., Chan, Christopher T., Lindsay, Robert M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: blood pressure; Blood Pressure - drug effects; dialysate sodium; Female; Hemodialysis Solutions - administration & dosage; Hemodialysis, Home - adverse effects; Hemodialysis, Home - methods; Home hemodialysis; Humans; Hypotension - etiology; interdialytic weight gain; intradialytic hypotension; Male; Middle Aged; plasma sodium; Renal Dialysis - adverse effects; Renal Dialysis - methods; Sodium - blood; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain - drug effects
• ISSN: 1492-7535; 1542-4758
• DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12044

Sodium balance across a hemodialysis treatment influences interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), pre‐dialysis blood pressure, and the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension, which associate with patient morbidity and mortality. In thrice weekly conventional hemodialysis patients, the dialysate sodium minus pre‐dialysis plasma sodium concentration (δDPNa+) and the post‐dialysis minus pre‐dialysis plasma sodium (δPNa+) are surrogates of sodium balance, and are associated with both cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. However, whether δDPNa+ or δPNa+ better predicts clinical outcomes in quotidian dialysis is unknown. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and demographic data from the Southwestern Ontario Regional Home Hemodialysis program, of all patients since 1985. In frequent nocturnal hemodialysis, δPNa+ was superior to δDPNa+ in predicting IDWG (R2 = 0.223 vs. 0.020, P = 0.002 vs. 0.76), intradialytic change in systolic (R2 = 0.100 vs. 0.002, P = 0.02 vs. 0.16) and diastolic (R2 = 0.066 vs. 0.019, P = 0.02 vs. 0.06) blood pressure, and ultrafiltration rate (R2 = 0.296 vs. 0.036, P = 0.001 vs. 0.52). In short hours daily hemodialysis, δDPNa+ was better than δPNa+ in predicting intradialytic change in diastolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.101 vs. 0.003, P = 0.02 vs. 0.13). However, δPNa+ was better than δDPNa+ in predicting IDWG (R2 = 0.105 vs. 0.019, P = 0.04 vs. 0.68) and pre‐dialysis systolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.103 vs. 0.007, P = 0.02 vs. 0.82). We also found that the intradialytic blood pressure fall was greater in frequent nocturnal hemodialysis patients than in short hours daily patients, when exposed to a dialysate to plasma sodium gradient. These results provide a basis for design of prospective trials in quotidian dialysis modalities, to determine the effect of sodium balance on cardiovascular outcome.