Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study

Several studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the U.S.A., limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological medicine 2013-10, Vol.43 (10), p.2109-2120
Main Authors: Leurent, B., Nazareth, I., Bellón-Saameño, J., Geerlings, M.-I., Maaroos, H., Saldivia, S., Švab, I., Torres-González, F., Xavier, M., King, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
Chile - ethnology
Cohort analysis
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Depression
Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis
Depressive Disorder, Major - ethnology
Depressive Disorder, Major - etiology
Estonia - ethnology
Female
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Mental depression
Mental health
Middle Aged
Mood disorders
Netherlands - ethnology
Original Articles
Portugal - ethnology
Prospective Studies
Psychological wellbeing
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Religion
Religious aspects
Religious beliefs
Risk Factors
Slovenia - ethnology
Spain - ethnology
Spirituality
United Kingdom - ethnology
Young Adult
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Summary:Several studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the U.S.A., limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further. Data were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data. The analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p
ISSN:0033-2917
1469-8978
DOI:10.1017/S0033291712003066