Counteracting urban climate change: adaptation measures and their effect on thermal comfort

• Published in: Theoretical and applied climatology 2014, Vol.115 (1-2), p.243-257
• Main Authors: Müller, Nicole, Kuttler, Wilhelm, Barlag, Andreas-Bent
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation; Applied sciences; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Atmospheric Sciences; Buildings. Public works; Climate change; Climatology; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Global temperature changes; Meteorology; Neighborhoods; Original Paper; Thermal comfort; Urban areas; Urban climatology; Urban development; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water supply; Wind speed
• ISSN: 0177-798X; 1434-4483
• DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0890-4

Cities represent thermal load areas compared with their surrounding environments. Due to climate change, summer heat events will increase. Therefore, mitigation and adaptation are needed. In this study, meteorological measurements in various local climate zones were performed to demonstrate the influence of evaporation surfaces and other factors on thermal comfort, as determined by the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Furthermore, a quantification of the thermal effects of several adaptation measures and varying meteorological parameters was made using model simulations (ENVI-met) in an inner-city neighborhood (Oberhausen, Germany). The results show that the most effective adaptation measure was increased wind speed (maximal 15 K PET reduction). Moreover, vegetation areas show greater PET reductions by the combination of shading and evapotranspiration than water surfaces. The creation of park areas with sufficient water supply and tall, isolated, shade-providing trees that allow for adequate ventilation can be recommended for planning.