CONRAD—A software framework for cone-beam imaging in radiology

• Published in: Medical physics (Lancaster) 2013-11, Vol.40 (11), p.111914-n/a
• Main Authors: Maier, Andreas, Hofmann, Hannes G., Berger, Martin, Fischer, Peter, Schwemmer, Chris, Wu, Haibo, Müller, Kerstin, Hornegger, Joachim, Choi, Jang-Hwan, Riess, Christian, Keil, Andreas, Fahrig, Rebecca
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ALGORITHMS; Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers; BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY; Computed radiography; Computed tomography; COMPUTER CODES; Computer Graphics; Computer Simulation; Computer software; Computerised tomographs; computerised tomography; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; Computers; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; cone‐beam; C‐arm computed tomography (CT); diagnostic radiography; Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications; Equipment Design; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; GPU; hardware acceleration; Humans; Image data processing or generation, in general; IMAGE PROCESSING; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; image reconstruction; Image sensors; Java; Medical image noise; medical image processing; Medical image reconstruction; Medical imaging; Medical X‐ray imaging; Motion; open‐source; PARALLEL PROCESSING; PHANTOMS; Phantoms, Imaging; Programming Languages; Radiation Imaging Physics; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; Reconstruction; Software; software frameworks; software packages; User interfaces; User-Computer Interface; X RADIATION; X‐ray imaging; X‐ray scattering
• ISSN: 0094-2405; 2473-4209; 0094-2405
• DOI: 10.1118/1.4824926

Purpose: In the community of x-ray imaging, there is a multitude of tools and applications that are used in scientific practice. Many of these tools are proprietary and can only be used within a certain lab. Often the same algorithm is implemented multiple times by different groups in order to enable comparison. In an effort to tackle this problem, the authors created CONRAD, a software framework that provides many of the tools that are required to simulate basic processes in x-ray imaging and perform image reconstruction with consideration of nonlinear physical effects. Methods: CONRAD is a Java-based state-of-the-art software platform with extensive documentation. It is based on platform-independent technologies. Special libraries offer access to hardware acceleration such as OpenCL. There is an easy-to-use interface for parallel processing. The software package includes different simulation tools that are able to generate up to 4D projection and volume data and respective vector motion fields. Well known reconstruction algorithms such as FBP, DBP, and ART are included. All algorithms in the package are referenced to a scientific source. Results: A total of 13 different phantoms and 30 processing steps have already been integrated into the platform at the time of writing. The platform comprises 74.000 nonblank lines of code out of which 19% are used for documentation. The software package is available for download athttp://conrad.stanford.edu. To demonstrate the use of the package, the authors reconstructed images from two different scanners, a table top system and a clinical C-arm system. Runtimes were evaluated using the RabbitCT platform and demonstrate state-of-the-art runtimes with 2.5 s for the 256 problem size and 12.4 s for the 512 problem size. Conclusions: As a common software framework, CONRAD enables the medical physics community to share algorithms and develop new ideas. In particular this offers new opportunities for scientific collaboration and quantitative performance comparison between the methods of different groups.