Are we overestimating the loss of beta cells in type 2 diabetes?

Aims/hypothesis Previous work has demonstrated that beta cell amount (whether measured as beta cell mass, beta cell volume or insulin-positive area) is decreased in type 2 diabetes; however, recent findings suggest that mechanisms other than death may contribute to beta cell failure in this disease....

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Published in:Diabetologia 2014-02, Vol.57 (2), p.362-365
Main Authors: Marselli, Lorella, Suleiman, Mara, Masini, Matilde, Campani, Daniela, Bugliani, Marco, Syed, Farooq, Martino, Luisa, Focosi, Daniele, Scatena, Fabrizio, Olimpico, Francesco, Filipponi, Franco, Masiello, Pellegrino, Boggi, Ugo, Marchetti, Piero
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Antibodies
Biological and medical sciences
Chromogranin A - metabolism
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
Female
Gastrointestinal surgery
Glucagon
Glucagon - metabolism
Glucose
Human Physiology
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Insulin
Insulin - metabolism
Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology
Internal Medicine
Male
Medical sciences
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Microscopy
Microscopy, Electron
Morphology
Pancreas - pathology
Short Communication
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Summary:Aims/hypothesis Previous work has demonstrated that beta cell amount (whether measured as beta cell mass, beta cell volume or insulin-positive area) is decreased in type 2 diabetes; however, recent findings suggest that mechanisms other than death may contribute to beta cell failure in this disease. To better characterise beta cell mass and function in type 2 diabetes, we performed morphological, ultra-structural and functional studies using histological samples and isolated islets. Methods Pancreases from ten non-diabetic (ND) and ten matched type 2 diabetic organ donors were studied by insulin, glucagon and chromogranin A immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy (EM). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was assessed using isolated islets and studies were performed using independent ND islet preparations after 24 h exposure to 22.2 mmol/l glucose. Results Immunocytochemistry showed that the fractional islet insulin-positive area was lower in type 2 diabetic islets (54.9 ± 6.3% vs 72.1 ± 8.7%, p  
ISSN:0012-186X
1432-0428
DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-3098-3