Reassortants of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and establishment of a novel porcine H1N2 influenza virus, lineage in Germany

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2013-12, Vol.167 (3-4), p.345-356
• Main Authors: Lange, Jeannette, Groth, Marco, Schlegel, Michael, Krumbholz, Andi, Wieczorek, Kerstin, Ulrich, Roswitha, Köppen, Simone, Schulz, Katrin, Appl, Dorit, Selbitz, Hans-Joachim, Sauerbrei, Andreas, Platzer, Matthias, Zell, Roland, Dürrwald, Ralf
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antigens, Viral - genetics; genotype; Germany - epidemiology; herds; Influenza A virus; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - classification; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - classification; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - genetics; Influenza virus; Molecular Sequence Data; Next generation sequencing; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - epidemiology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology; pandemic; Phylogenetic analysis; Phylogeny; Reassortant; Reassortant Viruses - classification; Reassortant Viruses - genetics; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Serosurvey; Swine; Swine Diseases - epidemiology; Swine Diseases - virology; Swine influenza A virus; swine influenza virus; viruses; Zoonotic infection
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.024

The incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus (pdmH1N1) into the German pig population was investigated in a serosurvey and by virological means between June 2009 and December 2012. Analysis of 23,116 pig sera from a total of 2,666 herds revealed 224 herds that reacted with pdmH1N1 but not with the prevalent avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus. Sixty-six pdmH1N1 strains and their reassortant derivatives (pdmH1huN2, huH3pdmN1) have been collected since November 2009. Sequencing of three pdmH1N1, 20 pdmH1huN2 and one huH3pdmN1 strains with conventional and next generation sequencing techniques and subsequent phylogenetic analyses with available sequence data revealed the emergence of five distinct reassortant genotypes in Europe. The most frequent genotype emerged at least three times independently, one of which (Papenburg lineage) established a stable infection chain and became more prevalent in pigs than pdmH1N1 in Germany.