Prevalence and Correlates of Posttrauma Distorted Beliefs: Evaluating DSM-5 PTSD Expanded Cognitive Symptoms in a National Sample

• Published in: Journal of traumatic stress 2014-06, Vol.27 (3), p.299-306
• Main Authors: Cox, Keith S., Resnick, Heidi S., Kilpatrick, Dean G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidents - psychology; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cognition & reasoning; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Post traumatic stress disorder; Prevalence; Scapegoating; Self Concept; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Trust - psychology; United States - epidemiology; Violence - psychology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0894-9867; 1573-6598
• DOI: 10.1002/jts.21925

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) modified the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including expanding the scope of dysfunctional, posttrauma changes in belief (symptoms D2—persistent negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world, and D3—persistent distorted blame of self or others for the cause or consequences of the traumatic event). D2 and D3 were investigated using a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,498) recruited from an online panel. The prevalence of D2 and D3 was substantially higher among those with lifetime PTSD than among trauma‐exposed individuals without lifetime PTSD (D2: 74.6% vs 23.9%; D3: 80.6% vs 35.7%). In multivariate analyses, the strongest associates of D2 were interpersonal assault (OR = 2.39), witnessing interpersonal assault (OR = 1.63), gender (female, OR = 2.11), and number of reported traumatic events (OR = 1.88). The strongest correlates of D3 were interpersonal assault (OR = 3.08), witnessing interpersonal assault (OR = 1.57), gender (female, OR = 2.30), and number of reported traumatic events (OR = 1.91). The findings suggested the expanded cognitive symptoms in the DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria better capture the cognitive complexity of PTSD than those of the DSM‐IV. 抽象 Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS 標題：全國樣本中評估DSM‐5 PTSD的認知症狀擴展：創傷後扭曲想法的流行率和相關因素。 撮要：第五版精神病診斷和統計手冊(DSM‐5；美國精神專科協會[APA]，2013)修改創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的診斷標準，包括擴展創傷後想法變更的功能失調範圍(症狀D2是持續對自身或世界的負面想法及期望；症狀D3是持續對創傷事件因由或後果的扭曲自責或責備他人)。全國樣本是從網上座談會中招募的美國成人(N = 2,953)來研究D2和D3。終身PTSD患者比經歷創傷但終身未有PTSD者(D2:75% 比對25%；D3:81% 對比36%)有明顯更高D2和D3流行率。多元分析得出D2最強的關連因素為：人際襲擊(OR = 2.39)，目睹人際襲擊(OR = 1.63)，性別(女性，OR = 2.11)，和報告創傷事件數目(OR = 1.88)。D3最強的關連因素是：人際襲擊(OR = 3.08)，目睹人際襲擊(OR = 1.57)，性別(女性，OR = 2.30)和報告創傷事件數目(OR = 1.91)。結論顯示DSM‐5診斷標準的認知症狀擴展能更有效反映PTSD認知的複雜性。 标题：全国样本中评估DSM‐5 PTSD的认知症状扩展：创伤后扭曲想法的流行率和相关因素。 撮要：第五版精神病诊断和统计手册(DSM‐5；美国精神专科协会[APA]，2013)修改创伤后压力症(PTSD)的诊断标准，包括扩展创伤后想法变更的功能失调范围(症状D2是持续对自身或世界的负面想法及期望；症状D3是持续对创伤事件因由或后果的扭曲自责或责备他人)。全国样本是从网上座谈会中招募的美国成人(N = 2,953)来研究D2和D3。终身PTSD患者比经历创伤但终身未有PTSD者(D2:75% 比对25%；D3:81% 对比36%)有明显更高D2和D3流行率。多元分析得出D2最强的关连因素为：人际袭击(OR = 2.39)，目睹人际袭击(OR = 1.63)，性别(女性，OR = 2.11)，和报告创伤事件数目(OR = 1.88)。D3最强的关连因素是：人际袭击(OR = 3.08)，目睹人际袭击(OR = 1.57)，性别(女性，OR = 2.30)和报告创伤事件数目(OR = 1.91)。结论显示DSM‐5诊断标准的认知症状扩展能更有效反映PTSD认知的复杂性。