Potential Secondary Hazards of Avitrol Baits to Sharp-Shinned Hawks and American Kestrels

The objective of this study was to determine whether a potential secondary hazard existed to sharp-shinned hawks (Accipter striatus ) feeding on blackbirds killed with a 3% 4-AP bait diluted 1:99 and to American kestrels (Falco sparverius ) feeding on blackbirds killed with 1 and 3% 4-AP baits using...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of wildlife management 1982-04, Vol.46 (2), p.457-462
Main Authors: Holler, Nicholas R., Schafer, Edward W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acclimatization
Bird pests
Birds of prey
Female animals
Hawks
Intoxication
Male animals
Pathology
Short Communications
Wild birds
Wildlife damage management
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Summary:The objective of this study was to determine whether a potential secondary hazard existed to sharp-shinned hawks (Accipter striatus ) feeding on blackbirds killed with a 3% 4-AP bait diluted 1:99 and to American kestrels (Falco sparverius ) feeding on blackbirds killed with 1 and 3% 4-AP baits using reduced dilutions (1:1 to 1:29). Potential hazard, for purposes of this test, was defined as mortality, or identification of gross or histopathological changes related to treatment. Previous work suggested that secondary hazards to raptors would not be a problem with the 3% 1:99 bait (Schafer et al. 1974); however, that study used only a small number of test animals. No data have been reported on the potential secondary hazards associated with lower 4-AP concentrations or reduced dilutions in the bait.
ISSN:0022-541X
1937-2817
DOI:10.2307/3808657