Social class mobility in first episode psychosis and the association with depression, hopelessness and suicidality

• Published in: Schizophrenia research 2014-08, Vol.157 (1), p.8-11
• Main Authors: O'Donoghue, Brian, Lyne, John P, Fanning, Felicity, Kinsella, Anthony, Lane, Abbie, Turner, Niall, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, Clarke, Mary
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Biological and medical sciences; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Depression; Depression - epidemiology; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Family; Female; Hopelessness; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; Mood disorders; Multivariate Analysis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychosis; Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology; Psychotic Disorders - psychology; Schizophrenia - epidemiology; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Mobility; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0920-9964; 1573-2509
• DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.022

Abstract Background Psychotic disorders are associated with a significant impairment in occupational functioning that can begin in the prodromal phase of the disorder. As a result, individuals with a psychotic disorder may not maintain their social class at birth. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of the social classes of individuals presenting with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) compared to the general population and to their family of origin. We evaluated whether social drift was associated with depression, hopelessness and suicidality at first presentation. Methods All individuals with a FEP presenting to a community mental health service between 1995 and 1999 and to an early intervention service between 2005 and 2011were included. Diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV diagnoses and clinical evaluations included the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Suicidal Intent Scale. Results 330 individuals were included in the study and by the time of presentation, individuals with a FEP were more likely to be represented in the lower social classes compared to the general population. 43% experienced a social drift and this was associated with a diagnosis of a non-affective disorder, co-morbid cannabis abuse and a longer DUP. Individuals who did not experience a social drift had a higher risk of hopelessness. Conclusions Social drift is common in psychotic disorders; however, individuals who either maintain their social class or experience upward social class mobility are more susceptible to hopelessness.