Impact of cigarette smoking on histone (H2B) to protamine ratio in human spermatozoa and its relation to sperm parameters

Summary Smoking is strongly associated with abnormalities in histone‐to‐protamine transition and with alteration of protamine expression in human spermatozoa. A proper protamine to histone ratio is, however, essential for sperm chromatin maturity and DNA integrity. Alterations in these sperm nuclear...

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Published in:Andrology (Oxford) 2014-09, Vol.2 (5), p.666-677
Main Authors: Hamad, M. F., Shelko, N., Kartarius, S., Montenarh, M., Hammadeh, M. E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Cell Survival
Chromatin - genetics
Cotinine - metabolism
Fertility - drug effects
histones
Histones - metabolism
Humans
Infertility
Infertility, Male
Male
Malondialdehyde - metabolism
Men
oxidative stress
Prospective Studies
protamines
Protamines - metabolism
Semen - chemistry
Semen Analysis
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
Sperm
Sperm Count
Sperm Motility - drug effects
sperm parameters
Spermatozoa - drug effects
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Summary:Summary Smoking is strongly associated with abnormalities in histone‐to‐protamine transition and with alteration of protamine expression in human spermatozoa. A proper protamine to histone ratio is, however, essential for sperm chromatin maturity and DNA integrity. Alterations in these sperm nuclear proteins were observed in infertile men. The present prospective study is aimed at evaluating the possible relationship among smoking, semen quality and the histone‐to‐protamine transition ratio in mature spermatozoa. Histone H2B and protamine 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) were quantified using acid‐urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the spermatozoa of 35 smokers and 19 non‐smokers. Levels of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in seminal plasma by thiobarbituric acid assay. Cotinine concentrations were determined in seminal plasma using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Histone H2B levels in smokers (292.27 ± 58.24 ng/106) were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of non‐smokers (109.1 ± 43.70 ng/106), besides, a significant difference (p > 0.0001) was found for the P1 and P2 ratio between smokers (1.71 ± 0.071) and non‐smokers (1.05 ± 0.033). The H2B/(H2B+P1 + P2) ratio (0.29 ± 0.71) of smokers were significantly higher (p = 
ISSN:2047-2919
2047-2927
DOI:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00245.x