Transformation of the Glucosinolate-Derived Allelochemicals Allyl Isothiocyanate and Allylnitrile in Soil

Hydrolysis of glucosinolates in Brassica tissues results in formation of allelochemicals potentially useful in controlling soil-borne plant pests. Major degradation products of glucosinolates in soil are organic isothiocyanates and nitriles; however, a clear understanding of allelochemical persisten...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1995-07, Vol.43 (7), p.1935-1940
Main Authors: Borek, Vladimir, Morra, Matthew J, Brown, Paul D, McCaffrey, Joseph P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
AGUA DEL SUELO
ALELOQUIMICOS
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biochemistry
Biochemistry and biology
BIODEGRADACION
BIODEGRADATION
Biological and medical sciences
BRASSICA
Chemical control
Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties
COMPOSE ORGANOAZOTE
COMPUESTO ORGANICO DEL NITROGENO
Control
EAU DU SOL
FLORA DEL SUELO
FLORE DU SOL
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
GLUCOSINOLATE
GLUCOSINOLATOS
HIDROLISIS
HYDROLYSE
MATERIA ORGANICA DEL SUELO
MATIERE ORGANIQUE DU SOL
Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Soil science
SUBSTANCE ALLELOCHIMIQUE
Synecology
TEMPERATURA DEL SUELO
TEMPERATURE DU SOL
Terrestrial ecosystems
THIOCYANATE
TIOCIANATOS
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Summary:Hydrolysis of glucosinolates in Brassica tissues results in formation of allelochemicals potentially useful in controlling soil-borne plant pests. Major degradation products of glucosinolates in soil are organic isothiocyanates and nitriles; however, a clear understanding of allelochemical persistence in soil is lacking. Half-lives of allyl isothiocyanate (AI) and allylnitrile (AN) in six soils were determined using gas chromatographic analysis of ethyl acetate extracts. The half-lives for AI ranged from 20 to 60 h, whereas AN had longer half-lives of 80-120 h. AI transformation increased with reduced soil moisture and higher temperatures and occurred more rapidly in soils containing greater concentrations of organic carbon. AN transformation increased under wetter conditions and lower temperatures and occurred more rapidly in soils having higher inorganic carbon concentrations. Although different mechanisms contribute to substrate disappearance, the relatively rapid dissipation of AI and AN in soil has important implications in the control of soil-borne plant pests with Brassica tissues
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf00055a033