Links between patterns of racial socialization and discrimination experiences and psychological adjustment: A cluster analysis

Abstract This study used a person-oriented analytic approach to identify meaningful patterns of barriers-focused racial socialization and perceived racial discrimination experiences in a sample of 295 late adolescents. Using cluster analysis, three distinct groups were identified: Low Barrier Social...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of adolescence (London, England.) England.), 2014-10, Vol.37 (7), p.1011-1020
Main Authors: Ajayi, Alex A, Syed, Moin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
African Americans - psychology
Asian Americans - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Cluster analysis
Continental Population Groups - psychology
Developmental psychology
Discrimination
European Continental Ancestry Group - psychology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hispanic Americans - psychology
Humans
Individual Differences
Late adolescence
Male
Multivariate Analysis
Pediatrics
Personal Satisfaction
Psychological adjustment
Psychological Tests
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Racial Discrimination
Racial socialization
Racism - psychology
Socialization
Stress, Psychological - epidemiology
Stress, Psychological - etiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Teenagers
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Summary:Abstract This study used a person-oriented analytic approach to identify meaningful patterns of barriers-focused racial socialization and perceived racial discrimination experiences in a sample of 295 late adolescents. Using cluster analysis, three distinct groups were identified: Low Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination, High Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination, and High Barrier Socialization-High Discrimination clusters. These groups were substantively unique in terms of the frequency of racial socialization messages about bias preparation and out-group mistrust its members received and their actual perceived discrimination experiences. Further, individuals in the High Barrier Socialization-High Discrimination cluster reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than those in the Low Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination and High Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination clusters. However, no differences in adjustment were observed between the Low Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination and High Barrier Socialization-Low Discrimination clusters. Overall, the findings highlight important individual differences in how young people of color experience their race and how these differences have significant implications on psychological adjustment.
ISSN:0140-1971
1095-9254
DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.006