The effects of steroid hormone exposure on direct gene regulation

Abstract Steroid hormones have been widely overlooked as controllers of gene expression. Through the mechanisms of gene expression (DNA methylation, histone methylation, and RNAi), we discuss the impact of normal reproductive templates on the pulsatility and amplitude of potential gene-regulating tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical hypotheses 2014-10, Vol.83 (4), p.436-440
Main Authors: Wiley, T.S, Haraldsen, J.T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
DNA Methylation
Female
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Gonadal Steroid Hormones - pharmacology
Humans
Internal Medicine
RNA Interference
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Summary:Abstract Steroid hormones have been widely overlooked as controllers of gene expression. Through the mechanisms of gene expression (DNA methylation, histone methylation, and RNAi), we discuss the impact of normal reproductive templates on the pulsatility and amplitude of potential gene-regulating treatment protocols. By examining the interactions of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in women, we propose that changes in physiologic reproductive hormone templates of exposure and timing can affect fertility and even cancer through the silencing or amplification of gene products; such as P53 and Bcl-2 in women. We suggest that uncontrolled hormone levels, due to aging and/or the environment, may be restored to a normal youthful template of gene expression through the fluctuating exogenous application of E2 and P4 that mimic the normal hormonal milieu of reproductive health. Furthermore, we hypothesize that restoration of normal hormone levels may lead to a lower risk of the chronic illnesses of aging and a better quality of life in patients suffering those conditions.
ISSN:0306-9877
1532-2777
DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.07.010