Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae)

The presence of adult Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a nearly obligatory parasitoid of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was monitored in fields with up to 117 accessions of Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) during 1985-1994 at Oxford, NC, Tifton, GA, and Athen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental entomology 1996-10, Vol.25 (5), p.1248-1255
Main Authors: Jackson, D.M. (USDA, ARS, Charleston, SC.), Nottingham, S.F, Schlotzhauer, W.S, Horvat, R.J, Sisson, V.A, Stephenson, M.G, Foard, T, McPherson, R.M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ATRAYENTES
ATTRACTIF
Biological and medical sciences
Biological control
BRACONIDAE
Cardiochiles nigriceps
CAROLINA DEL NORTE
CAROLINE DU NORD
COMPOSE VOLATIL
COMPUESTO VOLATIL
Control
DENSIDAD DE LA POBLACION
DENSITE DE POPULATION
FLEUR
FLORES
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
GEORGIA (EUA)
GEORGIE (EU)
HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS
HOTE
HUESPEDES
INSECTE NUISIBLE
INSECTOS DANINOS
NICOTIANA
NICOTIANA TABACUM
Noctuidae
PARASITE
PARASITOIDE
PARASITOIDES
PARASITOS
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
PLAGAS DE PLANTAS
PROPORCION DE LOS SEXOS
Protozoa. Invertebrates
RAVAGEUR DES PLANTES
SEX RATIO
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Summary:The presence of adult Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck, a nearly obligatory parasitoid of tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was monitored in fields with up to 117 accessions of Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) during 1985-1994 at Oxford, NC, Tifton, GA, and Athens, GA. Large numbers of wasps were observed flying over or reefing on several Nicotiana species, especially N. noctiflora Hooker and N. sanderae Hort. ex Watson (hybrid between N. alata Link and Otto and N. forgetiana Hort. ex Hemsley). During the 10-yr sampling period, an average of 60 times as many C. nigriceps adults were counted in N. noctiflora plots and 19 times as many wasps were counted in N. sanderae plots than were found in commercial tobacco, N. tabacum L. ('NC 2326'), even though N. noctiflora and N. sanderae are poor host plants for tobacco budworm larvae. Male wasps predominated in plots of N. noctiflora; whereas, female wasps predominated in cultivated tobacco fields. There were no significant differences in the sex ratios of wasps collected from N. alata or N. sanderae. C. nigriceps adults were associated primarily with the flowers of N. sanderae, N. alata, and N. forgetiana, but they were found equally on the leaves and flowers of N. noctiflora. C. nigriceps adults appeared to be attracted to volatile components from N. noctiflora leaves and flowers. Several kilograms of field-grown N. noctiflora flowers and leaves were extracted with methylene chloride, and the volatile components were isolated. Gas chromatography showed only 4 volatile peaks of interest in N. noctiflora, and they were identified as nitrogen-sulfur heterocycles
ISSN:0046-225X
1938-2936
DOI:10.1093/ee/25.5.1248