Cellular and Molecular Defence-Related Root Responses to Invasion by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which date from the Devonian era, must have dealt very early on with problems of plant defence, a tactic which has enabled them to colonize roots of most extant plant taxa. Conversely, plants forming arbuscular mycorrhiza must exert some sort of control over the fu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New phytologist 1996-05, Vol.133 (1), p.45-57
Main Authors: Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne, Dumas-Gaudot, Eliane, Gollotte, Armelle, Tahiri-Alaoui, A., Gianinazzi, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Biological and medical sciences
Cell walls
defence genes
Economic plant physiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungi
Genes
Hyphae
inducible defence responses
Mycorrhizal fungi
Parasitism and symbiosis
Pathogens
Plant interaction
plant mutants
Plant physiology and development
Plant roots
Plants
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mycorrhiza...)
transgenic plants
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Summary:Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which date from the Devonian era, must have dealt very early on with problems of plant defence, a tactic which has enabled them to colonize roots of most extant plant taxa. Conversely, plants forming arbuscular mycorrhiza must exert some sort of control over the fungi during symbiotic interactions since mycelial proliferation within roots is confined to the cortical parenchyma tissue. Plants possess a panoply of defence mechanisms which are triggered by microbial attack. Here we review present-day knowledge of defence-related root responses to colonization by AM fungi, and assess their possible implications in the symbiosis. Weak, transient, unco-ordinated or extremely localized activation of inducible defence responses occurs during compatible interactions in AM which differs from that in plant-pathogen interactions. When symbiosis-related plant genes are mutated, typical defence responses are associated with resulting root resistance to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi whilst, contrastingly, plants constitutively expressing defence genes are unaffected in their symbiotic capacities. The mechanisms by which plants can modulate defence responses during symbiotic interactions and the way in which AM fungi might contend with these are discussed.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04340.x