Two pediatric cases of variant neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy after intracranial hemorrhage

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is an acquired form of left ventricular systolic dysfunction seen in the setting of physiologic stress and the absence of coronary artery disease. It is thought to be caused by excessive sympathetic stimulation. It is well descri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatrics (Evanston) 2014-10, Vol.134 (4), p.e1211-e1217
Main Authors: Wittekind, Samuel G, Yanay, Ofer, Johnson, Erin M, Gibbons, Edward F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Brain
Brain hemorrhage
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular disease
Child
Complications and side effects
Development and progression
Female
Heart diseases
Hemorrhage
Humans
Intracranial Hemorrhages - complications
Intracranial Hemorrhages - diagnostic imaging
Myocardial diseases
Patient outcomes
Pediatrics
Pressure
Risk factors
Stress
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - diagnostic imaging
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - etiology
Ultrasonography
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Summary:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is an acquired form of left ventricular systolic dysfunction seen in the setting of physiologic stress and the absence of coronary artery disease. It is thought to be caused by excessive sympathetic stimulation. It is well described in the adult literature associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage where it is known as neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy (NSC), but few such pediatric cases have been reported. We describe our experience with 2 children (13- and 10-year-old girls) who presented with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage followed by pulmonary edema and shock. Echocardiography revealed similar patterns of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities consistent with NSC, inverted Takotsubo variant. One child progressed to death, whereas the other made a remarkable recovery, including significant improvement in cardiac function over the course of 1 week. We argue that at least 1 of these cases represents true stress-induced cardiomyopathy. This report will alert pediatricians to this transient cardiomyopathy that is likely underdiagnosed in pediatric intensive care. We also highlight the challenges of managing both shock and elevated intracranial pressure in the setting of NSC.
ISSN:0031-4005
1098-4275
DOI:10.1542/peds.2013-1881