Mitigation of metolachlor-associated agricultural runoff using constructed wetlands in Mississippi, USA

• Published in: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2001-04, Vol.84 (2), p.169-176
• Main Authors: Moore, M.T, Rodgers, J.H, Smith, S, Cooper, C.M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural runoff; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Constructed wetlands; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Metolachlor; Mississippi; Mitigation; Pollution; Sewerage works: sewers, sewage treatment plants, outfalls; Soil and water pollution; Soil science; USA, Mississippi; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0167-8809; 1873-2305
• DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00205-X

A loss of marginal wetland acreage adjoining agricultural fields has created a potential problem with water quality enhancement of agricultural runoff via wetlands. Current research is investigating the utility of constructed wetlands for pesticide mitigation purposes, thereby restoring water quality enhancement capability to the area. Constructed wetland mesocosms (59–73 m×14 m), located at the University of Mississippi Field Station (Lafayette County, MS), were amended with metolachlor to simulate a cropland runoff event. Target concentrations for wetlands were 73 and 147 μg/l metolachlor in addition to an unamended control (0 μg/l). Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected weekly for 35 days following metolachlor amendment. Samples were collected from sites, longitudinally distributed within each wetland, and analyzed for metolachlor using gas chromatography. Between 7 and 25% of measured metolachlor mass was in the first 30–36 m (from inflow) of wetlands immediately following application and simulated rainfall. Approximately 10% of measured metolachlor mass was in plant samples. Suggested wetland travel distances for effective mitigation of metolachlor runoff ranged from 100 to 400 m. According to the results from this research, aquatic receiving system impacts due to metolachlor runoff could be mitigated by using constructed wetlands as buffers. Landowners and government agencies can integrate this information into a water management plan, allowing for better control of both quantity and quality of runoff water from individual agricultural fields.