Self-Healing Polyurethanes with Shape Recovery

• Published in: Advanced functional materials 2014-09, Vol.24 (33), p.5261-5268
• Main Authors: Heo, Yunseon, Sodano, Henry A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Computing time; Cracks; Diels-Alder reaction; Failure; Healing; Loads (forces); Polyurethane resins; polyurethanes; Reactions (nuclear); self healing polymers; Shape memory; shape-memory effect; shape-memory polymers
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201400299

Two new thermoresponsive self‐healing polyurethanes (1DA1T and 1.5DA1T) based on the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between furan and maleimide moieties are developed that use the shape‐memory effect to bring crack faces into intimate contact such that healing can take place. Unlike other self‐healing polymers, these polymers do not require external forces to close cracks but rather they use the shape‐memory effect to autonomously close the crack. Both polyurethanes have a stable polymer structure and comparable mechanical properties to commercial epoxies. A differential scanning calorimeter is employed to check the glass transition temperature of the polymers as well as the DA and retro‐DA (rDA) reaction temperatures. These DA and rDA reactions are confirmed with variable‐temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Healing efficiency is calculated using a measurement of the failure load from compact tension testing. The results show that the shape‐memory effect can replace external forces to close two crack surfaces and the DA reaction can be repeatedly employed to heal the cracks. Thermo‐responsive self‐healing poly­urethanes that can be healed repeatedly without the application of external forces are developed. Instead, these polymers use the shape‐memory effect to autonomously bring the two crack surfaces together during the healing process.