Factors affecting phenolic acid liberation from rice grains in the sake brewing process

Phenolic acid (ferulic and p-coumaric acid) liberation from rice grains was examined using rice samples containing phenolic acid at different levels, using two sake mash simulated digestion tests to elucidate influencing factors. Phenolic acid levels in a digest made from steamed rice using dialyzed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 2014-12, Vol.118 (6), p.640-645
Main Authors: Ito, Toshihiko, Suzuki, Nobukazu, Nakayama, Airi, Ito, Masaya, Hashizume, Katsumi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcoholic Beverages - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases - metabolism
Coumaric Acids - metabolism
Coumaric Acids - pharmacology
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases - metabolism
Feruloylesterase
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism
Koji
Oryza - enzymology
Oryza - metabolism
Phenolic acid
Propionates
Rice
Sake
Steam
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Summary:Phenolic acid (ferulic and p-coumaric acid) liberation from rice grains was examined using rice samples containing phenolic acid at different levels, using two sake mash simulated digestion tests to elucidate influencing factors. Phenolic acid levels in a digest made from steamed rice using dialyzed rice koji enzymes were smaller than levels in a rice koji self-digest. Differences in phenolic acid levels among rice samples in the rice koji self-digest were larger than levels in a digest of steamed rice. In the rice koji self-digest, phenolic acid levels in the ingredient rice grains or in the formed digest related to feruloylesterase (FE) activity in the rice koji. Addition of exogenous FE to rice koji self-digestion increased phenolic acid levels, while addition of xylanase (Xyl) showed weak effects. A concerted effect of FE and Xyl was not clearly observed. Addition of ferulic acid to koji made from α-rice grains raised FE activity, but it did not increase the activity of other enzymes. A similar phenomenon was observed in an agar plate culture of koji mold. These results indicated that ferulic acid levels in ingredient rice grains correlate with FE activities of koji, as a resulut, they affect the phenolic acid levels in sake mash.
ISSN:1389-1723
1347-4421
DOI:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.05.013