Walk the line: Conflict, state capacity and the political dynamics of reform

• Published in: Journal of development economics 2014-11, Vol.111, p.150-166
• Main Authors: Jain, Sanjay, Majumdar, Sumon, Mukand, Sharun W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Compensation; Conflict; Developing countries; Dynamics; Economic reform; Economic theory; Ethnic conflict; LDCs; Minority & ethnic violence; Political behavior; Political economy; Politics; Redistribution; Reform; State capacity; Studies; Sustainability
• ISSN: 0304-3878; 1872-6089
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.02.004

This paper develops a dynamic framework to analyze the political sustainability of economic reforms in developing countries. First, we demonstrate that economic reforms that are proceeding successfully may run into a political impasse, with the reform's initial success having a negative impact on its political sustainability. Second, we demonstrate that greater state capacity, to make compensatory transfers to those adversely affected by reform, need not always help the political sustainability of reform, but can also hinder it. Finally, we argue that in ethnically divided societies, economic reform may be completed not despite ethnic conflict, but because of it. •Successfully proceeding economic reforms might run into a political impasse.•Reform's initial success might negatively impact its political sustainability.•Greater state capacity might hinder the political sustainability of reform.•Ethnic conflict might help in completion of economic reform, rather than hindering it.