The Impact of Immune Dysregulation on the Development of Autoimmune Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

The intestinal epithelium plays an active immunologic role in preventing the uptake of foreign antigens. Additionally, the intestinal mucosa is an active site for immune suppression through the development of oral tolerance. Dysfunction of any aspect of the intestinal barrier, such as impairment of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care 2014-12, Vol.44 (11), p.322-323
Main Author: Levine, Jeremiah, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Administration, Oral
Autoimmunity - immunology
Celiac Disease - immunology
Celiac Disease - physiopathology
Child
Eosinophilic Esophagitis - immunology
Eosinophilic Esophagitis - physiopathology
Gastritis - immunology
Gastritis - physiopathology
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - immunology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - physiopathology
Liver Diseases - immunology
Liver Diseases - physiopathology
Pediatrics
Prognosis
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Summary:The intestinal epithelium plays an active immunologic role in preventing the uptake of foreign antigens. Additionally, the intestinal mucosa is an active site for immune suppression through the development of oral tolerance. Dysfunction of any aspect of the intestinal barrier, such as impairment of intestinal tight junctions, immunologic dysregulation or decreased oral tolerance will lead to overstimulation of the immune system upon exposure to foreign antigens and subsequent unregulated chronic intestinal inflammation. This persistent inflammatory activity may potentially predispose the patient to the development of intestinal autoimmune disease. An active immune response possibly directed against intestinal flora has been postulated to be the underlying etiology for inflammatory bowel disease. Failure of oral tolerance is thought predispose a patient to celiac disease and possibly eosinophilic esophagitis. Additionally, an active immunologic response to absorbed antigen may be the underlying etiology for the development of autoimmune liver disease
ISSN:1538-5442
1538-3199
DOI:10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.001