An investigation on formation and electrochemical capacitance of anodized titania nanotubes

•We study the titania nanotubes formation in fluoride containing electrolyte.•Nanoscale pits serves as pore integration centre that finally creating nanotube.•Titania nanotubes offer high specific surface area for charge storage activity.•Unsymmetrical CV shape is characteristic of n-type behavior o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied surface science 2013-09, Vol.280, p.962-966
Main Authors: Endut, Zulkarnain, Hamdi, Mohd, Basirun, Wan Jeffrey
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anodizing
Capacitance
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Electrochemical capacitance
Exact sciences and technology
Formations
Nanostructure
Nanotubes
Nanotubes formation
Physics
Pits
Symmetry
Titania nanotubes
Titanium dioxide
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Summary:•We study the titania nanotubes formation in fluoride containing electrolyte.•Nanoscale pits serves as pore integration centre that finally creating nanotube.•Titania nanotubes offer high specific surface area for charge storage activity.•Unsymmetrical CV shape is characteristic of n-type behavior of titania nanotubes. The mechanism of titania nanotubes formation and growth during anodization of titanium in NH4F/ethylene glycol electrolyte at 45V applied voltage was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The initial stage of the anodization occurs with the formation of a compact oxide layer with nanoscale pits. With the increase of anodization time, the pits transform to larger and deeper pores due to the integration of the smaller and larger pores, finally creating self-ordered titania nanotubes. The porous structure increases electrochemical capacitance from 18.3μFcm−2 for 10s anodization time to 49.9μFcm−2 for 1800s anodization time. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) transforms from a near symmetry rectangular shape to x-axis symmetry with higher current density as the anodization time increases due to increased specific surface area of the nanotubular structure. The larger CV size at more cathodic regions is characteristics of the n-type behaviour of titania materials, as also shown in the Mott–Schottky analysis.
ISSN:0169-4332
1873-5584
DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.118