Molecular phylogenetics of the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae

[Display omitted] •We present a DNA-based phylogeny of the turtle family Kinosternidae.•A fossil-calibrated chronogram is provided.•A previously unrecognized clade is described as a new genus.•A zoogeographic history of the family is hypothesized. The turtle family Kinosternidae comprises 25 living...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2013-12, Vol.69 (3), p.929-939
Main Authors: Iverson, John B., Le, Minh, Ingram, Colleen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bayes Theorem
Biological Evolution
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Cladding
Claudius
DNA
Estimates
Evolution
Evolutionary
Fossils
Genes, Mitochondrial
isozymes
Kinosternidae
Kinosternon
Likelihood Functions
mitochondrial DNA
Models, Genetic
Mud
Musk
new genus
North America
nucleotide sequences
Phylogeny
Reconstruction
Sampling
Sequence Analysis, DNA
South America
Staurotypus
Sternotherus
Turtles
Turtles - classification
Turtles - genetics
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Summary:[Display omitted] •We present a DNA-based phylogeny of the turtle family Kinosternidae.•A fossil-calibrated chronogram is provided.•A previously unrecognized clade is described as a new genus.•A zoogeographic history of the family is hypothesized. The turtle family Kinosternidae comprises 25 living species of mud and musk turtles confined to the New World. Previous attempts to reconstruct a phylogenetic history of the group have employed morphological, isozyme, and limited mitochondrial DNA sequence data, but have not been successful in producing a well-resolved phylogeny. With tissues from every recognized species and most subspecies, we sequenced three mitochondrial (cyt b, 12S, 16S) and three nuclear markers (C-mos, RAG1, RAG2). Our analyses revealed the existence of three well-resolved clades within the Kinosterninae (aged >22mya), only two of which have been named: Sternotherus and Kinosternon. We here describe the third clade as a new genus. The evolutionary relationships among most species were well resolved, although those belonging to the K. scorpioides species group will require more extensive geographic and genetic sampling. Divergence time estimates and ancestral area reconstructions permitted the development of the first rigorous hypothesis of the zoogeographic history of the group, including support for three separate dispersals into South America, at least two of which preceded the closure of the Panamanian portal.
ISSN:1055-7903
1095-9513
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.011