Role of farnesoid X receptor in inflammation and resolution

Objective The aim of this paper is to review the developments of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) biology, its ligands, and various functions, in particular we discuss the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Introduction FXR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inflammation research 2015-01, Vol.64 (1), p.9-20
Main Authors: Shaik, Firdose Begum, Prasad, Durbaka V. R., Narala, Venkata Ramireddy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergology
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Carbohydrate Metabolism - physiology
Dermatology
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - physiopathology
Lipid Metabolism - physiology
Neurology
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - physiology
Review
Rheumatology
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Summary:Objective The aim of this paper is to review the developments of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) biology, its ligands, and various functions, in particular we discuss the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Introduction FXR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The accrued data have shown that the FXR plays important roles not only in bile acid, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate homeostasis, but also in inflammatory responses. The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of FXR on chronic inflammatory diseases are not well documented. Methods A literature survey was performed using PubMed database search to gather complete information regarding FXR and its role in inflammation. Results and discussion FXR is highly expressed in liver, intestine, kidney and adrenals, but with lower expression in fat tissue, heart and recently it has been found to express in lungs too. Primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the natural endogenous ligands for FXR. GW4064 and 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid are the synthetic high-affinity agonists. An exhaustive literature survey revealed that FXR acts as a key metabolic regulator and potential drug target for many metabolic syndromes that include chronic inflammatory diseases.
ISSN:1023-3830
1420-908X
DOI:10.1007/s00011-014-0780-y