Cocaine-associated violence and relationship to route of administration

The relationship between route of cocaine administration, that is, free base/crack smoking (FB), intravenous injection (IV), and nasal insufflation (NS) and level of violence was studied. The authors hypothesized that the route that produced the most intense effects (i.e., FB>IV>NS) would prod...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of substance abuse treatment 1993, Vol.10 (1), p.67-69
Main Authors: James Giannini, A., Miller, Norman S., Loiselle, Robert H., Turner, Carlton E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictive behaviors
Administration, Intranasal
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anatomy & physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Cocaine
Cocaine - adverse effects
crime
Crime - statistics & numerical data
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drug abuse
Female
free-base
Humans
Incidence
intravenous cocaine
Male
Medical sciences
Ohio - epidemiology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
rape
robbery
Social research
Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology
Substance Abuse, Intravenous - psychology
Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Substance-Related Disorders - psychology
Violence
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Summary:The relationship between route of cocaine administration, that is, free base/crack smoking (FB), intravenous injection (IV), and nasal insufflation (NS) and level of violence was studied. The authors hypothesized that the route that produced the most intense effects (i.e., FB>IV>NS) would produce the highest level of violence. Over a 12-month period, 194 cocaine users were screened. After excluding polydrug users, 101 patients of both sexes participated in this study for the evaluation of expressions of violence. Evaluations were conducted by a structured questionnaire. The order of level of increased violence matched that of the most “intense” route of administration for some measures only. FB and IV use generally produced the same level of violence for most measurements. Both FB and IV routes produced more violence than NS. Violent actions requiring sustained activity (e.g., rape, burglary, and armed robbery) showed no relationship to route. The difference in levels in violence between males and females varied according to circumstances, not route of administration.
ISSN:0740-5472
1873-6483
DOI:10.1016/0740-5472(93)90101-7