Advancing towards universal screening for organic pollutants in waters

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2015-01, Vol.282, p.86-95
• Main Authors: Hernández, Félix, Ibáñez, María, Portolés, Tania, Cervera, María I., Sancho, Juan V., López, Francisco J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Contaminants; Drugs; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water - analysis; Gas chromatography; Groundwater - analysis; Ionization; Liquid chromatography; Mass Spectrometry - methods; Organic micropollutants; Pollutants; Quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry; Screening; Spain; Transformations; Universal screening; Waste water; Waste Water - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water samples
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.006

•Complementary use of GC and UHPLC coupled to QTOF MS for wide-scope screening.•The use of APCI source in GC allows using a unique QTOF MS platform.•“Universal” approach for broad screening of organic contaminants in water.•Qualitative validation in different water samples for 300 model compounds.•Tentative identifications are possible even without reference standards. Environmental analytical chemists face the challenge of investigating thousands of potential organic pollutants that may be present in the aquatic environment. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) hyphenated to chromatography offers the possibility of detecting a large number of contaminants without pre-selection of analytes due to its accurate-mass full-spectrum acquisition at good sensitivity. Interestingly, large screening can be made even without reference standards, as the valuable information provided by HRMS allows the tentative identification of the compound detected. In this work, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS was combined with both liquid and gas chromatography (using a single instrument) for screening of around 2000 compounds in waters. This was feasible thanks to the use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source in GC. The screening was qualitatively validated for around 300 compounds at three levels (0.02, 0.1, 0.5μg/L), and screening detection limits were established. Surface, ground water and effluent wastewater samples were analyzed, detecting and identifying a notable number of pesticides and transformation products, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs, among others. This is one of the most universal approaches in terms of comprehensive measurement for broad screening of organic contaminants within a large range of polarity and volatility in waters.