The consumption and recycling collection system of PET bottles: A case study of Beijing, China

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) 2014-06, Vol.34 (6), p.987-998
• Main Authors: Zhang, Hua, Wen, Zong-Guo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Beverages; Bottles; Brazil; China; Cities; Consumption; Financial flow; Food Packaging; Garbage collection; Humans; Japan; Material flow analysis; Middle Aged; PET bottle; Polyethylene terephthalates; Polyethylene Terephthalates - analysis; Recycling; Recycling collection system; Scavengers; United States; Waste Management; Wastes; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.07.015

•We conduct a review of three PET bottle recycling collection systems in the world.•We give material flow and financial flow of PET bottle recycling collection in Beijing.•The consumption of PET bottles in Beijing is nearly 100,000 tons in 2012.•Ninety percent of the used PET bottles were collected by informal collectors.•Formal and informal sectors may work together by employing the scavengers and itinerant waste buyers. After studying the recycling collection system of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles worldwide, the authors conducted an intercept survey in Beijing. Two separate questionnaires were issued, one questionnaire to PET bottle consumers and one to PET bottle recyclers. In this study, consumers are defined as people that consume PET-bottled beverages in their daily life. Recyclers were defined as those involved in the collection and recycling of PET bottles. These include scavengers, itinerant waste buyers, small community waste-buying depots, medium/large redemption depots, and recycling companies. In total, 580 surveys were completed, including 461 by consumers and 119 by recyclers. The authors found that consumption of PET bottles in Beijing was nearly 100,000 tonnes in 2012. Age, occupation, gender, and education were identified as significant factors linked to PET-bottled beverage consumption, while income was not a significant factor. 90% Of post-consumed PET bottles were collected by informal collectors (i.e., scavengers and itinerant waste buyers). The survey also found that nearly all PET bottles were reprocessed by small factories that were not designed with pollution control equipment, which allows them to offer higher prices for waste recyclable bottles. As Beijing is trying to build a formal recycling collection system for recyclables, subsidies should be given to the formal recycling sector rather than being charged land use fees, and attention should also be given to informal recyclers that make their living from the collection of recyclables. Informal and formal sectors may work together by employing the scavengers and itinerant waste buyers for the formal sectors. In addition to the recycling of PET bottles, concern should also be allocated to reduce consumption, especially among young people, as they, compared to other groups, have a stronger demand for PET-bottled beverages and will be the main body of society.