Predictors of post-natal depression are shaped distinctly by the measure of ‘depression’

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders 2015-03, Vol.173, p.239-244
• Main Authors: Parker, Gordon B, Hegarty, Bronwyn, Paterson, Amelia, Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan, Granville-Smith, Isabelle, Gokiert, Aniela
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Depression; Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis; Depression, Postpartum - psychology; Female; Humans; Measure; Post-natal depression; Pregnancy; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychiatry; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.066

Abstract Background Many variables have been proposed as predictive of post-natal depression (PND). Aims To investigate and refine PND risk variables. Method We recruited a large sample and employed two measures of PND (the dimensional Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or EPDS, and DSM-defined major depression). Results High levels of stress in the post-natal period, previous depression and higher depression scores during pregnancy were the only consistent predictors across measures. Those exceeding the EPDS cut-off had additional psychosocial risk factors while those meeting criteria for major depression were strongly predicted by a past history of depression as well as higher pre-natal state depression scores. Limitations The EPDS has been used with variable cut off scores across multiple studies. We used only nine of the 10 EPDS items, electing to exclude the self-harm related question, but preserving the recommended EPDS cut-off score, and which might have impacted on predictions. Conclusions Study results generated a refined set of predictors of PND but, more importantly, identified that predictors of PND status are distinctly influenced by the measure of PND. Such inconsistencies are intrinsically noteworthy and of potential key importance in shaping intervention strategies.