Normal reference ranges for and variability in the levels of blood manganese and selenium by gender, age, and race/ethnicity for general U.S. population

•Normal reference ranges for manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in blood are presented.•Males had lower levels of Mn but higher levels of Se than females.•Non-Hispanics had lower levels of both Mn and Se than other race/ethnicities.•Non-Hispanic Asians had higher levels of both Mn and Se than other ra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology 2015-04, Vol.30, p.142-152
Main Authors: Jain, Ram B., Choi, Y. Sammy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging - blood
Child
Confidence Intervals
Continental Population Groups
Female
Gender
Humans
Income
Male
Manganese
Manganese - blood
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Nutrition Surveys
Race/ethnicity
Reference Values
Regression Analysis
Selenium
Selenium - blood
Smoking
Smoking - adverse effects
United States
Young Adult
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Summary:•Normal reference ranges for manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in blood are presented.•Males had lower levels of Mn but higher levels of Se than females.•Non-Hispanics had lower levels of both Mn and Se than other race/ethnicities.•Non-Hispanic Asians had higher levels of both Mn and Se than other race/ethnicities. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the period 2011–2012 were used to determine normal reference ranges and percentile distributions for manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in blood by gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status as determined by annual family income, and smoking status. The effect of gender, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and smoking status on the levels of Mn and Se was also determined by fitting regression models. Males had lower adjusted levels of Mn and higher adjusted levels of Se than females. Adjusted levels of Mn decreased with increase in age but adjusted levels of Se were lower in adolescents aged 12–19 years than adults aged 20–64 years. Non-Hispanic black (NHB) had the lowest levels of both Mn and Se and non-Hispanic Asians (NHAS) had the highest levels of both Mn and Se. Non-Hispanic white (NHW) and NHB had lower levels of Mn than Hispanics (HISP) and NHAS. NHB and HISP had lower levels of Se than NHW and NHAS. Low annual income (
ISSN:0946-672X
1878-3252
DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.004