Effects on activated sludge bacterial community exposed to sulfamethoxazole

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 2013-09, Vol.93 (1), p.99-106
• Main Authors: Collado, N., Buttiglieri, G., Marti, E., Ferrando-Climent, L., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Barceló, D., Comas, J., Rodriguez-Roda, I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acclimation; Actinobacteria; Activated sludge; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; antibiotics; Applied sciences; bacteria; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacteria - genetics; bacterial communities; Bacterial community; beta-Proteobacteria; Biological and medical sciences; Biological treatment of waters; biomass; bioreactors; Biotechnology; chemical oxygen demand; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; drug effects; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics; Environment and pollution; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gamma-Proteobacteria; genes; genetics; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; microbiology; new species; nitrogen; Other wastewaters; pharmacology; phylogeny; Pollution; Resistance genes; Sewage; Sewage - microbiology; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobacteriia; sulfamethoxazole; Sulfamethoxazole - toxicity; Sulphonamide; toxicity; variance; Waste Management; Wastewater; Wastewaters; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.094

•Bacterial community shifts were analysed during the SBR operation.•Organic matter, nitrogen and SFX removal efficiencies were also investigated.•50μgSFXL−1 altered bacteria distribution and notably decreased microbial diversity.•Actinobacteria decreased in the community, while Proteobacteria was maintained stable.•Prevalence of the antibiotic resistance gene sul1 was demonstrated along the study. The bacterial community shift on a lab scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) fed with synthetic wastewater and exposed to 50μgL−1 of sulfamethoxazole (SFX) for 2months was investigated in this study. The impact on biological nutrient removal performance and SFX removal efficiencies were also studied. Satisfactory biological nutrient removal was observed as regards to COD and Nitrogen. SFX removal efficiencies ranged between 20% and 50% throughout the experimental period, enhanced within the aerobic phases of the SBR cycle, with no evident signs of biomass acclimation. Nevertheless, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed significant variance leading to not only the fading, but also the emergence of new species in the bioreactor bacterial community after SFX dosage. According to the phylogenetic analysis, bacteria belonging to Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes were the dominant species, among them, the Thiotrix spp. (Gammaproteobacteria) cell number increased due to its tolerance to the antibiotic. On the other hand, the classes Sphingobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Chlorobi were found to be more vulnerable to the antibiotic load and disappeared. The sulphonamide resistance gene sulI was also quantified and discussed, as there are very few studies on bacterial resistance in lab-scale treatment reactors.