Impact of Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Development in Southwest Pennsylvania on Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and Regional Air Quality

• Published in: Environmental science & technology 2015-03, Vol.49 (5), p.3175-3184
• Main Authors: Swarthout, Robert F, Russo, Rachel S, Zhou, Yong, Miller, Brandon M, Mitchell, Brittney, Horsman, Emily, Lipsky, Eric, McCabe, David C, Baum, Ellen, Sive, Barkley C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - analysis; Air Pollutants - standards; Air pollution; Carbon Dioxide - analysis; Emissions; Emissions control; Environmental Monitoring - standards; Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data; Methane; Methane - analysis; Natural gas; Natural Gas - analysis; Oil and Gas Fields; Outdoor air quality; Pennsylvania; VOCs; Volatile organic compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es504315f

The Marcellus Shale is the largest natural gas deposit in the U.S. and rapid development of this resource has raised concerns about regional air pollution. A field campaign was conducted in the southwestern Pennsylvania region of the Marcellus Shale to investigate the impact of unconventional natural gas (UNG) production operations on regional air quality. Whole air samples were collected throughout an 8050 km2 grid surrounding Pittsburgh and analyzed for methane, carbon dioxide, and C1–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Elevated mixing ratios of methane and C2–C8 alkanes were observed in areas with the highest density of UNG wells. Source apportionment was used to identify characteristic emission ratios for UNG sources, and results indicated that UNG emissions were responsible for the majority of mixing ratios of C2–C8 alkanes, but accounted for a small proportion of alkene and aromatic compounds. The VOC emissions from UNG operations accounted for 17 ± 19% of the regional kinetic hydroxyl radical reactivity of nonbiogenic VOCs suggesting that natural gas emissions may affect compliance with federal ozone standards. A first approximation of methane emissions from the study area of 10.0 ± 5.2 kg s–1 provides a baseline for determining the efficacy of regulatory emission control efforts.