Massive Dirac Fermions and Hofstadter Butterfly in a van der Waals Heterostructure

van der Waals heterostructures constitute a new class of artificial materials formed by stacking atomically thin planar crystals. We demonstrated band structure engineering in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of a monolayer graphene flake coupled to a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2013-06, Vol.340 (6139), p.1427-1430
Main Authors: Hunt, B., Sanchez-Yamagishi, J. D., Young, A. F., Yankowitz, M., LeRoy, B. J., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Moon, P., Koshino, M., Jarillo-Herrero, P., Ashoori, R. C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial satellites
Atoms & subatomic particles
Banded structure
Boron nitride
Butterflies
Butterflies & moths
Capacitance
Carbon
Conceptual lattices
Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties
Construction
Electron states and collective excitations in thin films, multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic and nanoscale systems
Electronic structure
Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures
Electronic transport in multilayers, nanoscale materials and structures
Electronics
Electrons
Exact sciences and technology
Grants
Graphene
Heterostructures
Landau levels
Magnetic fields
Materials science
Physics
Semiconductors
Superlattices
Thin films and multilayers
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Summary:van der Waals heterostructures constitute a new class of artificial materials formed by stacking atomically thin planar crystals. We demonstrated band structure engineering in a van der Waals heterostructure composed of a monolayer graphene flake coupled to a rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate. The spatially varying interlayer atomic registry results in both a local breaking of the carbon sublattice symmetry and a long-range moiré superlattice potential in the graphene. In our samples, this interplay between short-and long-wavelength effects resulted in a band structure described by isolated superlattice minibands and an unexpectedly large band gap at charge neutrality. This picture is confirmed by our observation of fractional quantum Hall states at ±5/3 filling and features associated with the Hofstadter butterfly at ultrahigh magnetic fields.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1237240