Probing the mechanism for graphene nanoribbon formation on gold surfaces through X-ray spectroscopy

We studied the formation of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) viathe self-assembly of 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl precursor molecules on gold surfaces with different synchrotron spectroscopies. Through X-ray photoemission spectroscopy core-level shifts, we followed each step of the synthetic p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical science (Cambridge) 2014-01, Vol.5 (11), p.4419-4423
Main Authors: Batra, Arunabh, Cvetko, Dean, Kladnik, Gregor, Adak, Olgun, Cardoso, Claudia, Ferretti, Andrea, Prezzi, Deborah, Molinari, Elisa, Morgante, Alberto, Venkataraman, Latha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Gold
Graphene
Nanostructure
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Precursors
Self assembly
Spectroscopy
X-rays
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Summary:We studied the formation of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) viathe self-assembly of 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl precursor molecules on gold surfaces with different synchrotron spectroscopies. Through X-ray photoemission spectroscopy core-level shifts, we followed each step of the synthetic process, and could show that the Br-C bonds of the precursors cleave at temperatures as low as 100 degree C on both Au(111) and Au(110). We established that the resulting radicals bind to Au, forming Au-C and Au-Br bonds. We show that the polymerization of the precursors follows Br desorption from Au, suggesting that the presence of halogens is the limiting factor in this step. Finally, with angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory we show that the GNR/Au interaction results in an upshift of the Shockley surface state of Au(111) by similar to 0.14 eV, together with an increased electron effective mass.
ISSN:2041-6520
2041-6539
DOI:10.1039/C4SC01584C