Genotoxicity studies of glycidol fatty acid ester (glycidol linoleate) and glycidol

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology 2012-11, Vol.50 (11), p.3927-3933
• Main Authors: Ikeda, Naohiro, Fujii, Kenkichi, Sarada, Miko, Saito, Hitoshi, Kawabata, Masayoshi, Naruse, Kiyoko, Yuki, Katsuyuki, Nakagiri, Hideaki, Honda, Hiroshi, Tamaki, Yasushi, Nishiyama, Naohiro, Kasamatsu, Toshio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; bone marrow; Bone Marrow - drug effects; carcinogens; Chromosome Aberrations; cooking fats and oils; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Diacylglycerol; Edible oil; Epoxy Compounds - toxicity; erythrocytes; fatty acid esters; genotoxicity; Glycidol; Glycidol fatty acid ester; Glycidol linoleate; guidelines; Linoleic Acids - toxicity; Male; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Micronucleus Tests - methods; Mutagenicity Tests - methods; Mutation; pharmacokinetics; point mutation; Propanols - toxicity; Salmonella typhimurium - genetics; Toxicology
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.022

► Genotoxic potential of glycidol linolate (GL) and glycidol (G) was evaluated and compared. ► GL showed negative response in the assays evaluated except for Ames test. ► Positive response of GL was lesser extent compared to G and involvement of G was indicated. ► GL itself would not play key role on genotoxic action. Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in refined edible oils. Safety concerns have been alleged due to the possible release of glycidol (G), an animal carcinogen. We evaluated the genotoxic potential of glycidol linoleate (GL), a primary GE found in an edible oil (diacylglycerol oil), and G, using three established genotoxicity tests (a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test) under GLP conditions complying with all OECD guidelines. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, GL and G showed positive responses. The positive responses of GL were less than those of G and observed only in strains detecting point mutations where G showed remarkably positive responses. G was involved in the positive response of GL. In the chromosomal aberration test, GL did not induce chromosome aberrations whereas G induced structural chromosome aberrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the bone marrow micronucleus test, neither GL nor G induced significant increases of micronucleated immature (polychromatic) erythrocytes in bone marrow of test animals. Based on the above results as well as pertinent information on toxicokinetics, GL itself does not play a key role in genotoxic action.