Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Requiring Hospitalization in a 20-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

• Published in: International journal of athletic therapy & training 2015-03, Vol.20 (2), p.30-35
• Main Authors: Tivener, Kristin, Liggett, Allan, Mitchell, Darryl
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2157-7277; 2157-7285
• DOI: 10.1123/ijatt.2014-0067

Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (DM) accounts for 5-10% of all cases of DM worldwide. During 2002-2005 in the United States, 15,600 children and adolescents were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes annually. Among individuals younger than 10 years of age, the rate of new cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosis was 19.7 per 100,000 each year, and from 10-19 years of age, the rate of new cases was 18.6 per 100.000 (see Figure 1). Commonly referred to by the term juvenile-onset diabetes because onset is common in childhood and early adulthood, type 1 DM is a chronic autoimmune metabolic disease characterized by progressive destruction of the pancreatic [beta]-cells, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 1 DM can be classified into two forms: type 1A (immune-mediated diabetes), which results from cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the [beta]-cells of the pancreas; and, far less frequently, type 1B (idiopathic diabetes), where patients have permanent insulinopenia and are prone to sporadic episodes of ketoacidosis, but have no known etiology or evidence of autoimmunity.