Latitudinal distribution of soft X-ray flares and dispairty in butterfly diagram

• Published in: Astrophysics and space science 2015-04, Vol.356 (2), p.215-224
• Main Authors: Pandey, K. K., Yellaiah, G., Hiremath, K. M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Astrobiology; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Astrophysics and Astroparticles; Asymmetry; Belts; Butterflies; Correlation coefficient; Cosmology; Distribution patterns; Equator; Flares; Insect migration; Latitude; Northern Hemisphere; Observations and Techniques; Original Article; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Slopes; Soft x-rays; Solar flares; Solar physics; Southern Hemisphere; Space Exploration and Astronautics; Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics; Statistical analysis; Sun; X-ray astronomy
• ISSN: 0004-640X; 1572-946X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10509-014-2148-8

We present statistical analysis of about 63000 soft X-ray flare (class≥C) observed by geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) during the period 1976–2008. Class wise occurrence of soft X-ray (SXR) flare is in declining trend since cycle 21. The distribution pattern of cycle 21 shows the transit of hemispheric dominance of flare activity from northern to southern hemisphere and remains there during cycle 22 and 23. During the three cycles, 0–10 0 , 21–30 0 latitude belts in southern hemisphere (SH) and 31–40 0 latitude belt in northern hemisphere (NH) are mightier. The 11–20 0 latitude belt of both hemisphere is mightiest. Correlation coefficient between consecutive latitude appears to be increasing from equator to poleward in northern hemisphere whereas pole to equatorward in southern hemisphere. Slope of the regression line fitted with asymmetry time series of daily flare counts is negative in all three cycles for different classes of flares. The yearly asymmetry curve fitted by a sinusoidal function varies from 5.6 to 11 years period and depends upon the intensity of flare. Variation, of curve fitted with wings of butterfly diagram, from first to second order polynomial suggests that latitudinal migration of flare activity varies from cycle to cycle, northern to southern hemisphere. The variation in slope of the butterfly wing of different flare class indicates the non uniform migration of flare activity.