Spatial variability of chloride in concrete within homogeneously exposed areas

• Published in: Cement and concrete research 2014-02, Vol.56, p.40-51
• Main Authors: Angst, Ueli M., Polder, Rob
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Buildings. Public works; Cements; Chloride (D); Chlorides; Concretes; Concretes. Mortars. Grouts; Corrosion; Drying; Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance; Exact sciences and technology; Exposure; General (composition, classification, performance, standards, patents, etc.); Materials; Permeability (C); Pore solution (B); Sensors; Service life; Spatial distribution; Transport properties (C)
• ISSN: 0008-8846; 1873-3948
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.10.010

The concept of variability is increasingly considered in service life predictions. This paper reports experimental data on the spatial distribution of chloride in uncracked concrete subjected to homogeneous exposure. Chloride concentrations were measured with potentiometric sensors embedded in concrete exposed to chloride ingress by cyclic wetting and drying. The sensors allow highly localised, non-destructive measurements. Six different concrete mixes were tested, each with more than 20 sensors embedded within a plane at constant depth. The resulting dataset is discussed with respect to causes for the observed spatial variability of chloride as well as implications for service life predictions and experimental methods. It is concluded that the observed spatial chloride variability is a true property of chloride penetration into concrete and not an uncertainty arising from limited measurement precision. The primary cause was identified to be the presence of coarse aggregates rather than w/c ratio, cement type or exposure conditions.