Impact of Water Heaters on the Formation of Disinfection By-products

This study examined the effect of water heaters and home-heating scenarios on the formation and decomposition of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Residential concentrations of DBPs were investigated in cold and hot tap water samples from 18 houses equipped with conventional water heaters or on-deman...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 2015-06, Vol.107 (6), p.E328-E338
Main Authors: Liu, Boning, Reckhow, David A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
By products
Decomposition
Disinfection
Disinfection & disinfectants
Disinfection Byproducts
Drinking water
Heating
High temperature
Massachusetts
Residential areas
Residential Water Use
Trihalomethanes
Water analysis
Water Heaters
Water sampling
Water Storage
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Summary:This study examined the effect of water heaters and home-heating scenarios on the formation and decomposition of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Residential concentrations of DBPs were investigated in cold and hot tap water samples from 18 houses equipped with conventional water heaters or on-demand, tankless heaters. The houses were served by a western Massachusetts water system. On-demand heating without long-term storage of hot water resulted in little or no change in DBP formation. In contrast, the research indicated that long-term storage could lead to an increase in trihalomethanes, haloacetic acid, and chloropicrin, whereas the concentrations of dichloroacetonitrile and trichloropropane resulted from competition and decomposition. In the bench-scale study for this article, laboratory incubation and different heating scenarios (short-term and long-term) were tested to confirm the effect of stagnation and high temperature on DBP concentrations in different types of heaters.
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0080