Chloroplast heterogeneity and historical admixture within the genus Malus

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The genus Malus represents a unique and complex evolutionary context in which to study domestication. Several Malus species have provided novel alleles and traits to the cultivars. The extent of admixture among wild Malus species has not been well described, due in part to limi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of botany 2015-07, Vol.102 (7), p.1198-1208
Main Authors: Volk, Gayle M., Henk, Adam D., Baldo, Angela, Fazio, Gennaro, Chao, C. Thomas, Richards, Christopher M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
apple
Biological Evolution
Botany
chloroplast sequence diversity
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts - genetics
crop wild relatives
Cultivars
DNA, Chloroplast - chemistry
DNA, Chloroplast - genetics
domestication
Genetic Variation
Haplotypes
Malus - genetics
Phenotype
phylogenetic relationships
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Ploidies
ploidy
Sampling
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Trees
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Summary:PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The genus Malus represents a unique and complex evolutionary context in which to study domestication. Several Malus species have provided novel alleles and traits to the cultivars. The extent of admixture among wild Malus species has not been well described, due in part to limited sampling of individuals within a taxon. METHODS: Four chloroplast regions (1681 bp total) were sequenced and aligned for 412 Malus individuals from 30 species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum parsimony. The distribution of chloroplast haplotypes among species was examined using statistical parsimony, phylogenetic trees, and a median-joining network. KEY RESULTS: Chloroplast haplotypes are shared among species within Malus. Three major haplotype-sharing networks were identified. One includes species native to China, Western North America, as well as Malus domestica Borkh, and its four primary progenitor species: M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem., M. orientalis Uglitzk., M. sylvestris (L) Mill., and M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh; another includes five Chinese Malus species, and a third includes the three Malus species native to Eastern North America. CONCLUSIONS: Chloroplast haplotypes found in M. domestica belong to a single, highly admixed network. Haplotypes shared between the domesticated apple and its progenitors may reflect historical introgression or the retention of ancestral polymorphisms. Multiple individuals should be sampled within Malus species to reveal haplotype heterogeneity, if complex maternal contributions to named species are to be recognized.
ISSN:0002-9122
1537-2197
DOI:10.3732/ajb.1500095