Hydrogenated Anatase: Strong Photocatalytic Dihydrogen Evolution without the Use of a Co-Catalyst

The high‐pressure hydrogenation of commercially available anatase or anatase/rutile TiO2 powder can create a photocatalyst for H2 evolution that is highly effective and stable without the need for any additional co‐catalyst. This activation effect cannot be observed for rutile; however, for anatase/...

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Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2014-12, Vol.53 (51), p.14201-14205
Main Authors: Liu, Ning, Schneider, Christopher, Freitag, Detlef, Venkatesan, Umamaheswari, Marthala, V. R. Reddy, Hartmann, Martin, Winter, Benjamin, Spiecker, Erdmann, Osvet, Andres, Zolnhofer, Eva M., Meyer, Karsten, Nakajima, Tomohiko, Zhou, Xuemei, Schmuki, Patrik
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activation
Anatase
co-catalyst
Evolution
Hydrogenation
Noble metals
Photocatalysis
Rutile
Synergistic effect
TiO2
Titanium dioxide
titanium(III)
water splitting
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Summary:The high‐pressure hydrogenation of commercially available anatase or anatase/rutile TiO2 powder can create a photocatalyst for H2 evolution that is highly effective and stable without the need for any additional co‐catalyst. This activation effect cannot be observed for rutile; however, for anatase/rutile mixtures, a strong synergistic effect can be found (similar to results commonly observed for noble‐metal‐decorated TiO2). EPR and PL measurements indicated the intrinsic co‐catalytic activation of anatase TiO2 to be due to specific defect centers formed during hydrogenation. These active centers can be observed specifically for high‐pressure hydrogenation; other common reduction treatments do not result in this effect. Without a noble metal: The high‐pressure hydrogenation of commercially available anatase or mixed‐phase anatase/rutile TiO2 powder resulted in a highly effective and stable photocatalyst for H2 evolution without the need for an additional co‐catalyst. This activation was not observed for rutile, but for anatase/rutile mixtures, a strong synergistic effect was found.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.201408493